| Where authority sits |
Concentrated in the mayor, rather than shared with the full council |
Shared: council sets policy and budget; a manager carries it out |
| Policy vs. execution |
The mayor sets policy (with council approval) and executes it — both roles, one person |
Mayor & council set policy and goals; the manager executes it day to day |
| Manager qualifications |
No formal requirement that administrators hold professional municipal management credentials |
Hired specifically for professional qualifications — certified, consistent expertise |
| Accountability |
Accountability runs through the mayor alone |
Council selects and annually evaluates the manager, and can replace them |
| Department heads |
Report through political appointments |
Report to one accountable executive, appointed and removed by the manager |
| Board & commission appointments |
Mayor's authority |
Mayor still holds this authority, subject to council confirmation — elected oversight doesn't go away |
| Staff turnover |
Tends to be high, as each new administration brings in its own team |
More continuity, since the manager isn't replaced by election cycles |
| Aurora's form of government |
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Stays the same under Illinois law — this adds professional management on top, it doesn't replace the existing structure |
| The bottom line |
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“Professionalism doesn't cost, it pays.” |